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Figure 1. Schematic illustration of conformational deformation procedures. Left: Parallel translation method. Atoms B and C move the same distance in the same direction. Right: Dihedral angle rotation method. The turn axis is d. Dislocation of C is larger than B.

2. 6 MC$B%7%_%e%l!<%7%g%s$N

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($B $B%a%H%m%]%j%9K!(B[24] $B$K4p$E$-JQ7A8e$N9=B$$r:NMQ$9$k$+4~5Q$9$k$+$rH=Dj$9$k!#(B


Figure 2. Illustration of a peptide bond subjected to deformation. Left, parallel translation method: We applied our deformation procedure to the directions of vectors of three covalent bonds, CA1-C (shown in black), C-N (grey), and N-CA2 (black), simultaneously at one step. Varying only a vector CA1-C, we can change the relative positions of atoms CA1 and CA2. Therefore, the direction of vector N-CA2 is maintained to be the same as that of vector CA1-C. However, we move the direction of vector C-N independently of vector CA1-C. The purpose of changing the vector C-N is to rotate the peptide plane. Right, dihedral rotation method: We applied our deformation procedure to the two covalent bonds (shown in black) on both sides of a peptide bond (shown in grey) simultaneously at one step. The deformation degrees of the dihedral angles y and f are independently decided. Therefore, the value of y is different from f.

$B$3$N!J $B:#2s$NA4$F$N%7%_%e%l!<%7%g%s$G$O!Je$N%Z%W%A%IJ?LLIt$NA*Br$O!"(Bstep$B$N?J9T$KH<$C$F#NKv$+$i=g!9$KA*$s$G$$$-(BC$BKv$KC#$7$?$i:F$S(BN$BKv$KLa$C$F7+$jJV$9$H$$$&=g=x$G9T$C$?!#$3$3$G!"%Z%W%A%IJ?LL$NA*Br8D=j$,(BN$BKv$+$i(BC$BKv$^$G0l=d$9$k4V$K9T$o$l$k0lO"$NA`:n$r$^$H$a$F#1(Bsweep$B$H8F$V$3$H$K$9$k!#Nc$($P(B28mer$B$N%7%_%e%l!<%7%g%s$G$O#1(Bsweep$B$K$O(B27step$BJ,$NA`:n$,4^$^$l$k$3$H$K$J$k!#(B

2. 6. 2 $BB&:?ItJ,$N9=B$JQ7AJ}K!(B

$B:#2s9T$C$?%7%_%e%l!<%7%g%s$G$O ORT$B$G$O4pK\E*$KB&:?It$NJQ7AA`:n$OJ?9T0\F0K!$N>l9g$bFsLL3QK!$N>l9g$bF1$8J}K!$G9T$&!#6qBNE*$K$O!"$"$k;D4p$rJQ7A$9$k>l9g$O0lEY$KB&:?It$NA46&M-7k9gIt$K4X$7$FJ?9T0\F0K!!J:GBg0\F05wN%(B0.5$B"r!K$G%i%s%@%`$KJQ7A$7!"%a%H%m%]%j%9$NJ}K!$G$=$NJQ7A$r:NMQ$9$k$+$I$&$+$rH=Dj$9$k!#$?$@$7B&:?$KB8:_$9$k%a%A%k4p$dK'9a4D$N$h$&$K8=1?F0$r5/$3$7$F$$$k$H8+$J$;$kItJ,$K$D$$$F$OJ?9T0\F0K!$NBe$o$j$KFsLL3QK!!J:GBg2sE>3QEY(B5$B!,!K$GJQ7AA`:n$r9T$&!#(B

2. 6. 3 $BA4%7%_%e%l!<%7%g%s2aDx$rDL$7$F$N@_Dj;v9`(B

$B#1;n9T$N%7%_%e%l!<%7%g%s$"$?$j(B100000 sweeps$B!Jl9g!K$N7W;;$r9T$C$?!# $BK\O@J8$G$OMM!9$J>r7o2<$G$N%7%_%e%l!<%7%g%s$r9T$C$F$$$k$,!"$"$k>r7o$K4X$9$k7W;;7k2L$K$D$$$F5DO@$9$k>l9g$O!"$G$-$k$@$16vA3$K:81&$5$l$J$$$h$&$K!"3F>r7o$GMp?t7ONs$@$1$,0[$J$k%7%_%e%l!<%7%g%s$r(B10$B;n9T7+$jJV$7$F9T$$!"$=$l$i$N7k2L$rAm9g$7$F2r

3 $B7k2L$*$h$S9M;!(B

3. 1 C$B%Z%W%A%I$N(BMC$B%7%_%e%l!<%7%g%s(B

$BFsLL3QK!$HJ?9T0\F0K!$rMQ$$$F(BC$B%Z%W%A%I$N(BMC$B%7%_%e%l!<%7%g%s$r9T$$!"$=$N7k2L$rHf3S8!F$$7$?!#9=B$7A@.$NM-L5$rH=CG$9$k;XI8$H$7$F%X%j%C%/%99=B$$r7A@.$7$F$$$k;D4p?t$rMQ$$$?!#3F;D4p$,%X%j%C%/%99=B$$K$J$C$F$$$k$+$I$&$+$NH=Dj$O(BDSSP$BK!(B[25] $B$G9T$C$?!#(BMC$BK!$G$OJ,;RJQ7A$N5,LO$NBg$-$5$,9=B$C5:w$N8zN($KBg$-$J1F6A$rM?$($k$?$a!"$I$A$i$NJ,;RJQ7AJ}K!$rMQ$$$k>l9g$G$b(B`$B$NDxEY$rMM!9$KJQ$($F%7%_%e%l!<%7%g%s$r9T$C$?!#(B
Figure 3$B$O2#<4$KJQ7A$NBg$-$5!"=D<4$K(BMC$B$r(B100000 sweeps$B9T$C$?;~E@$G$N%X%j%C%/%97A@.;D4p?t$r$H$C$F%0%i%U$K$7$?$b$N$G!"(B(a)$B$,J?9T0\F0K!!"(B(b)$B$,FsLL3QK!$rMQ$$$?>l9g$N7k2L$G$"$k!#$=$l$>$l$N%0%i%U$K$O#4DL$j$N29EY%Q%i%a!<%?!J(B1000 K$B!"(B2000 K$B!"(B3000 K$B!"(B4000 K$B!K$N2<$G$N%7%_%e%l!<%7%g%s$N7k2L$,=E$M=q$-$5$l$F$$$k!#J?9T0\F0K!$rMQ$$$?>l9g$O%X%j%C%/%9$,8zN($h$/7A@.$5$l$k$H;W$o$l$kE,@Z$J>r7o$O!"29EY%Q%i%a!<%?$,(B1000 K$B$+$i(B2000 K$BDxEY!"JQ7A$NBg$-$5$rI=$9:GBg0\F05wN%$O!"29EY%Q%i%a!<%?$,(B1000 K$B$N;~$O(B0.3$B"r$+$i(B1.0$B"r!"(B2000 K$B$N;~$O(B0.3$B"r$+$i(B0.7$B"rDxEY$G$"$C$?!#29EY%Q%i%a!<%?$,(B3000 K$B0J>e$G$O$[$H$s$I%X%j%C%/%9$O7A@.$5$l$J$+$C$?!#0lJ}!"FsLL3QK!$rMQ$$$?>l9g$O!"%X%j%C%/%9$r7A@.$9$k$N$KE,@Z$J>r7o$O!"29EY%Q%i%a!<%?$,(B2000 K$B!":GBg2sE>3QEY(B20$B!,$+$i(B120$B!,$G$"$C$?!#(B1000 K$B$d(B3000 K$B$G$b%X%j%C%/%9$O7A@.$5$l$k$,!"L@$i$+$K(B2000 K$B$N;~$h$j%X%j%C%/%97A@.;D4p?t$O8:>/$7$F$$$?!#(B4000 K$B$G$O$[$H$s$I%X%j%C%/%9$O7A@.$5$l$J$+$C$?!#(B


Figure 3. Dependence of the number of residues that form alpha helix on the magnitude of deformation (at 100000 sweep). a: Parallel translation method. b: Dihedral rotation method.

$BN>J}K!$G$N:G$b%X%j%C%/%97A@.8zN($,$h$$$H;W$o$l$k>r7oF1;N$rHf3S$9$k$H!"J?9T0\F0K!!J29EY(B2000 K$B!]:GBg0\F05wN%(B0.25$B"r!K$G$O(B6$B;D4pDxEY$7$+%X%j%C%/%9$r7A@.$7$F$$$J$+$C$?$N$KBP$7$F!"FsLL3QK!!J29EY%Q%i%a!<%?(B2000 K$B!]:GBg2sE>3QEY(B35$B!,!K$G$OA4(B13$B;D4pCf(B10$B;D4p0J>e$,%X%j%C%/%9$r7A@.$7$F$$$?!#$^$?FsLL3QK!!J29EY%Q%i%a!<%?(B2000 K$B!K$N%X%j%C%/%97A@.;D4p?t$O:GBg2sE>3QEY$,(B 15$B!,$+$i(B120$B!,$^$G$N$[$H$s$I$NHO0O$G(B8$B;D4p0J>e$H$J$C$F$*$j!"J?9T0\F0K!$N:GE,>r7o$G$NCM$r>e2s$C$F$$$?!#$3$N$3$H$+$i!"&A%X%j%C%/%9$N7A@.$K4X$7$F$OFsLL3QK!$NJ}$,J?9T0\F0K!$h$jM-Mx$KF/$/$3$H$,$o$+$k!#$3$l$O!"0lK\:?%X%j%C%/%9$N$h$&$JC1=c$J9=B$$rBP>]$K$7$?>l9g$K$O86;R0\F0$KH<$&>WFM$,LdBj$K$J$i$J$$$?$a!"FsLL3QK!$N0l2s$NJQ7AA`:n$K$h$k86;R0\F0$,Bg$-$$$H$$$&MxE@$,$=$N$^$^%7%_%e%l!<%7%g%sA4BN$G$NC5:w8zN($NNI$5$KH?1G$5$l$k$?$a$H9M$($i$l$k!#(B
$B$J$*J?9T0\F0K!$G$O(B100000 sweep$BL\$N%X%j%C%/%97A@.;D4p?t$,>/$J$$$,!"$3$l$OJ?9T0\F0K!$rMQ$$$?>l9g$K%X%j%C%/%99=B$$,H/C#$7$J$$$H$$$&$3$H$r0UL#$7$F$$$kLu$G$O$J$$!#:#2s$O#1>r7o$"$?$jMp?t7ONs$N$_$rJQ$($?(B10$B;n9TJ,$N(BMC$B%7%_%e%l!<%7%g%s$r9T$C$F$$$k$,!"3F;n9T$K$*$$$F:G=i$+$i(B100000 sweep$B;~E@$^$G$NA42aDx$N4V$G%X%j%C%/%97A@.;D4p?t$,:GBg$G$I$3$^$GBg$-$/$J$k$+$rD4$Y$F$_$k$H!"J?9T0\F0K!$rMQ$$$?>l9g$G$b!"(B10$B2s$N;n9T$N$&$A!"$I$N;n9T$G$b%X%j%C%/%97A@.;D4p?t$,(B8$B;D4p0J>e$K$J$C$F$$$k;~4|$,B8:_$7$F$*$j!"$5$i$K!"$=$N$&$A$N(B5$B2s$N;n9T$G$O%X%j%C%/%97A@.;D4p?t$,(B10$B;D4p0J>e$K$J$k;~4|$,$"$C$?!#$9$J$o$A!"J?9T0\F0K!$G$b=V4VE*$K$OD9$$%X%j%C%/%9$,7A@.$5$l$k$,!"$=$N%X%j%C%/%9$,$9$0$KJx$l$F$7$^$&$?$a!"E,Ev$J(Bsweep$B;~E@$G$N(B10$B;n9TJ,$NJ?6Q$r$H$C$?>l9g$K$ODc$$%X%j%C%/%97A@.;D4p?t$7$+F@$i$l$J$$$N$G$"$k!#$3$N!"%X%j%C%/%9$,JL$N7A$KJQ$o$j0W$$$H$$$&LdBj$O!"%(%M%k%.!<7W;;$KMQ$$$kNO>l4X?t$H$bL)@\$K4X78$7$F$*$j!">-Mh$h$j@5$7$$NO>l%Q%i%a!<%?$,3+H/$5$l$F$$$/$K$D$l$F2~A1$5$l$F$$$/$3$H$,4|BT$5$l$k(B

3. 2 $B3FJQ7AJ}K!$rMQ$$$?>l9g$N(BC$B%Z%W%A%I$N%X%j%C%/%97A@.B.EY(B

$Bl9g$N%X%j%C%/%97A@.B.EY$rCN$k$?$a$K!"!HJ?9T0\F0K!!](B2000 K$B!]:GBg0\F05wN%(B0.3$B"r!I$H$$$&>r7o$H!HFsLL3QK!!](B2000 K$B!]:GBg2sE>3QEY(B30$B!,!I$H$$$&>r7o$G$N(BMC$B%7%_%e%l!<%7%g%s$K$D$$$F!"3+;O;~$+$i=*N;;~$^$G$N%X%j%C%/%97A@.;D4p?t$N7P;~JQ2=$r%0%i%U2=$7$?!J(BFigure 4$B!K!#(B


Figure 4. Evolution of the number of residues that form alpha helix.Black circle: Dihedral rotation method(2000 K. The maximum rotation angle is 30°).Black square: Parallel translation method(2000 K. The maximum movement distance is 0.3A).

$BFsLL3QK!$G$O(B500 sweeps$B!"J?9T0\F0K!$G$O(B5000 sweeps$BDxEY$N(BMC$B%7%_%e%l!<%7%g%s$r9T$($P!"%0%i%U$O$[$\0lDj$NCM$K$J$j0J8e$OL\N)$C$?A}8:$O8+$i$l$J$+$C$?!#0J>e$N$3$H$+$i!"%X%j%C%/%97A@.B.EY$K4X$7$F$b!"FsLL3QK!$OJ?9T0\F0K!$h$j8zN(E*$G!"(B10$BG\0J>eB.$/%X%j%C%/%99=B$$r7A@.$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k$3$H$,$o$+$C$?!#(B
$BJ?9U>uBV$KE~C#$9$k$^$G$NJ}K!$H$b(B200 sweeps$B$"$?$j(B12$BIC$[$I7W;;;~4V$rMW$9$k$3$H$+$i?dDj$9$k$H!"FsLL3QK!$G(B30$BIC!"J?9T0\F0K!$G$b(B300$BIC$[$I$G$"$j!"6K$a$FC;$$7W;;;~4V$G%7%_%e%l!<%7%g%s$OJ?9U>uBV$KE~C#$9$k$H$$$($k!#(B

3. 3 28mer$B%]%j%Z%W%A%I$N(BMC$B%7%_%e%l!<%7%g%s(B

$B]$K$7$F!"FsLL3QK!$HJ?9T0\F0K!$rMQ$$$F(BMC$B%7%_%e%l!<%7%g%s$r9T$$!"$=$N7k2L$rHf3S8!F$$7$?!#$3$N%]%j%Z%W%A%I$O&B&B&A9=B$$r$H$k$3$H$,(BNMR$B$K$h$k $B0lHLE*$K!"E7A39=B$$KBP$7$F$h$jN`;wEY$N9b$$9=B$$rIQHK$KH/@8$5$;$k$3$H$,$G$-$kJ,;RJQ7AJ}K!$,!"9=B$M=B,$rL\;X$9>e$G8zN(E*$H9M$($i$l$k!#(B28mer$B%]%j%Z%W%A%I$N%7%_%e%l!<%7%g%s$G$O!"N)BN9=B$$NN`;wEY$rI=$9;XI8$H$7$F(BRMSD(root mean square displacement,$B:,J?6QFs>hJQ0L(B)$B$rMQ$$$?!#$9$J$o$A!"E7A39=B$$H$NN`;wEY$,9b$$9=B$$O!"E7A39=B$$KBP$9$k(BRMSD$BCM$,Dc$$$b$N$H$7!"3F%7%_%e%l!<%7%g%s26]$BEy$N%0%i%U%#%C%/%=%U%H$GF@$i$l$?9=B$$rI=<($7!"?tCM$KI=$l$K$/$$N)BNE*FCD'$K$bCm0U$rJ'$C$?!#(B
$B:G=i$KJ?9T0\F0K!$HFsLL3QK!$rMQ$$$?>l9g$K!"(B100000 sweep$B;~E@$G(BRMSD$B$,$I$NDxEY$^$GDc2<$7$F$$$k$+$rD4$Y$?!#(BFigure 5(a)$B$OJ?9T0\F0K!$+$D(B2000 K$B$NDj29>r7o2<$G:GBg0\F05wN%$rMM!9$KJQ$($F(BMC$B$r9T$C$?7k2L$G$"$k!#F1MM$K!"(BFigure 5(b)$B$OFsLL3QK!$+$D(B2000 K$B$NDj29>r7o2<$G:GBg2sE>3QEY$rMM!9$KJQ$($F(BMC$B$r9T$C$?7k2L$G$"$k!#J?9T0\F0K!$rMQ$$$?>l9g$O!":GBg0\F05wN%$,(B0.4$B"r$N$H$-$K(BRMSD$BCM$,(B5.6$B"r$H$J$j:GDcCM$K$J$C$?!#$^$?!":GBg0\F05wN%$,(B0.2$B"r$+$i(B0.9$B"r$NHO0O$G(BRMSD$BCM$O(B6.5$B"rIU6a$NCM$r$H$C$F$$$?!#0lJ}!"FsLL3QK!$rMQ$$$?>l9g$O!":GBg2sE>3QEY$,(B40$B!,$N>l9g$K(BRMSD$BCM$,(B6.7$B"r$H$J$j:GDcCM$K$J$C$?!#$^$?!":GBg2sE>3QEY$,(B10$B!,$+$i(B110$B!,$NHO0O$G(BRMSD$BCM$O(B7$B"rA08e$NCM$r$H$C$F$$$?!#$3$N$3$H$+$i!"(B28mer$B$N(BMC$B%7%_%e%l!<%7%g%s$G$O!"J?9T0\F0K!$NJ}$,FsLL3QK!$h$j$b(BRMSD$BCM$NDc$$9=B$$r8zN($h$/H/@8$5$;$&$k$H9M$($i$l$k!#(B


Figure 5. Dependence of RMSD (at 100000 sweep) between calculated and NMR structures of 28-mer on the magnitude of deformation.Figure (a) shows RMSD calculated using the parallel translation method and (b) shows RMSD calculated using the dihedral rotation method. RMSDs of 10 MC trials were averaged and shown for each simulation condition.

$B$J$*$3$3$G$N(BRMSD$BCM$O!"$=$l$>$l$N>r7o$4$H$K(B10$B2s$N;n9T$rJ?6Q$7$?CM$G$"$j!"$^$?8=>u$G$O%b%s%F%+%k%mK!$KMQ$$$i$l$kNO>l4X?t$N@:EY$,==J,$J$b$N$G$O$J$$$?$a!"(B5$B"r0J>e$H$$$&Bg$-$JCM$H$J$C$F$$$k$,!"8DJL$N%7%_%e%l!<%7%g%s$G$O(B3$B"rBf$N(BRMSD$BCM$b8=$l$F$$$k!#(BTable 1$B$O(B100000 sweep$B;~E@$N(B10$B;n9TJ,$N(BRMSD$BCM$rJ?6Q$7$J$$$G>.$5$$=g$KJB$Y$?$b$N$G!">eCJ$OJ?9T0\F0K!$G:GBg0\F05wN%(B0.4$B"r!"23QEY$,(B40$B!,$G$N7k2L$G$"$k!#$3$N(BTable 1$BCf$G:G$bDc$$(BRMSD$BCM$O!"J?9T0\F0K!$G$O(B3.4$B"r!"FsLL3QK!$G$O(B4.6$B"r$G$"$C$?!#(B

Table 1. Distribution of the RMSD values (A) between calculated and NMR structures of 28-mer at 100000 sweep.
maximumminimumaverage
Parallel translation3.44.34.34.55.06.56.87.07.07.55.6
Dihedral rotation4.64.85.96.46.87.17.57.87.98.46.7

$B$H$3$m$G!"$3$3$G$N5DO@$O!"!VE7A39=B$$KBP$9$k(BRMSD$BCM$,Dc$$9=B$$O!"E7A39=B$$H;w$F$$$k!W$H$$$&A0Ds$N$b$H$K$J$5$l$F$$$k$,!"87L)$K$O(BRMSD$B$N?t;z$@$1$GN`;wEY$rH=CG$9$k$3$H$O$G$-$J$$!#$?$H$($P!"$"$k(B2$B$D$N9=B$$N(BRMSD$BCM$,F1$8$G$"$C$?$H$7$F$b!"0lJ}$O$h$jE7A39=B$$K6a$$9=B$$KMF0W$KJQ7A$G$-$k$,!"B>J}$ON)BN>c32Ey$K$h$C$F$=$l$,$G$-$J$$$h$&$J>l9g$O!"N> $BNc$H$7$F(BFigure 6$B$K!"(BTable 1$B$K<($7$?(BRMSD$BCM$KBP1~$9$k(B20$B8D$N9=B$$NCf$+$i(B6$B8D$N9=B$$rA*$SI=<($7$?!#>eCJ$N!J(BA$B!K!A!J(BC$B!K$OJ?9T0\F0K!$K$h$C$FF@$i$l$?9=B$!"2Figure 6$B$N:8C<$ND>:?>u=i4|9=B$$+$i7W;;$5$l$?!#(BC$BKvB&$N&A$X%j%C%/%9$OB?$/$N9=B$$G:F8=$5$l$k$,!"(BN$BKvB&$N&B%9%H%i%s%IIt$O:F8=$5$l$k>l9g$H$5$l$J$$>l9g$H$,$"$j!"$=$N9=B$>e$N:90[$,(BRMSD$BCM$KBg$-$J1F6A$rM?$($F$$$k$H9M$($i$l$?!#$3$N$h$&$J;v>p$O(BFigure 6$B$K<($7$?0J30$N9=B$$K4X$7$F$bF1MM$G$"$C$?!#$3$N$h$&$J>u67$G$O!"%b%G%kJ,;R$N9=B$JQ2=$KBP$9$kFCJL$JN)BN>c32Ey$NMW0x$,B8:_$7$J$$$?$a!"!V(BRMSD$BCM$,Dc$$$K$b$+$+$o$i$:E7A39=B$$K6a$E$-$K$/$/!"$=$N0UL#$GE7A39=B$$H$NN`;wEY$,Dc$$!W$H$$$&$h$&$J9=B$$OH/@8$7$K$/$$$H9M$($i$l$k!#0J>e$N$3$H$+$i!"(B28mer$B%]%j%Z%W%A%I$N%7%_%e%l!<%7%g%s$G$OE7A39=B$$KBP$9$kN`;wEY$O!"(BRMSD$B$GBg$^$+$K6a;w$G$-$k$H9M$($i$l$k!#(B


Figure 6. The calculated 28-mer polypeptide conformations. Only CA atoms in the backbone are shown. (A)-(C) are obtained using the parallel translation method. (D)-(F) are obtained using the dihedral rotation method. The RMSD value is shown at the left side of each structure. The figures were created with RasMol [26].

3. 4 $B3FJQ7AJ}K!$rMQ$$$?>l9g$N(B28mer$B%]%j%Z%W%A%I$N%X%j%C%/%97A@.B.EY(B

$Br7o$H!"!HFsLL3QK!!]:GBg2sE>3QEY(B40$B!,!I$N>r7o$G$N(BRMSD$B$NJ?6QCM$H:G>.CM$N7P;~JQ2=$rD4$Y$?!#(BFigure 7$B$O(BRMSD$B$NJ?6QCM$N7P;~JQ2=$G$"$k!#%0%i%U$+$i!"J?9T0\F0K!$O=i4|$K$OFsLL3QK!$h$j$b(BRMSD$BCM$,9b$$$,!":G=*E*$K$OFsLL3QK!$h$j(BRMSD$BCM$,Dc$/$J$k$3$H$,$o$+$k!#J?9T0\F0K!$G$OJQ7AA`:n$K$h$C$F0\F0$9$kA4$F$N86;R$,F1$85wN%$@$1>/$7$:$D0\F0$9$k$N$G!"%7%_%e%l!<%7%g%s$,?J$s$G9=B$$,J#;($K$J$C$F$/$k$HFsLL3QK!$HHf3S$7$F86;R$N>WFM$,>/$J$/!"8zN($h$/J,;RJQ7A$,9T$($k$b$N$H9M$($i$l$k!#(B


Figure 7. Evolution of the RMSDs between calculated and NMR structures of 28-mer. The black line shows RMSDs obtained using the parallel translation method (2000 K. The maximum movement distance is 0.4A) and the grey line shows RMSDs obtained using the dihedral rotation method (2000 K. The maximum rotation angle is 40°). RMSDs of 10 MC trials were averaged and shown.

Figure 8$B$O$=$l$>$l$N>r7o$G$N(B10$B;n9TJ,$N(BRMSD$B$N:G>.CM$N7P;~JQ2=$r<($7$F$$$k!#J?9T0\F0K!$G$N:G>.(BRMSD$BCM$O!"%7%_%e%l!<%7%g%s$N=i4|$K$OFsLL3QK!$h$j$b9b$$$,!"(B10000 sweep$B0J9_$O$[$H$s$I$N>l9g$GFsLL3QK!$h$jDc$/$J$j!"(B20000 sweep$B0J9_$+$i$O$7$P$7$P(B 2$B"rBf$NCM$r$H$k$h$&$K$J$C$?!J(BFigure 9$B!K!#(B


Figure 8. Evolution of the RMSDs between calculated and NMR structures of 28-mer. In this figure, we show minimum RMSD values among ten MC trials at each sweep, giving an estimation of the formation speed of better structure without the influence of failing MC trials. The black line refers to the parallel translation method (2000 K. The maximum movement distance is 0.4A); the grey line relates to the dihedral rotation method (2000 K. The maximum rotation angle is 40°).


Figure 9. An example of low RMSD (2.85A) conformation of 28-mer polypeptide obtained by MC simulation using the parallel translation method (grey sticks) with the corresponding NMR structure (white sticks) superimposed. Only CA atoms in the backbone are shown. The figure was created with RasMol [26].

$B$J$*!"(B28mer$B$NJ?9T0\F0K!$G$O(B100 sweeps$B$"$?$j$N7W;;;~4V$O(B30$BIC$[$I$G$"$k$N$G!"(BRMSD$BCM$,(B2$B"rBf$N9=B$$,=i$a$F=P8=$9$k$^$G$KMW$9$k7W;;;~4V$OLs(B100$BJ,$G$"$k!#(B

3. 5 $BN>JQ7AJ}K!$rAH$_9g$o$;$?(BMC$B%7%_%e%l!<%7%g%s(B

$B$3$l$^$G$O!"3FJQ7AJ}K!$rC1FH$GMQ$$$F$$$?$,!":#EY$ON>JQ7AJ}K!$rAH$_9g$o$;$?;~$N8z2L$rD4$Y$k$?$a$KJ?9T0\F0K!$HFsLL3QK!$r(B1 sweep$B$4$H$K8r8_$K9T$&%7%_%e%l!<%7%g%s$r3QEY$,MM!9$K0[$J$k(B45$BDL$j$N>r7o$r7h$a!"#1>r7o$"$?$jMp?t7ONs$@$1$,0[$J$k(B10$B2s$N(BMC$B%7%_%e%l!<%7%g%s$r9T$C$?!#29EY%Q%i%a!<%?$OA4$F$N;n9T$K$*$$$F(B2000 K$B$GDj29$K$7$?!#$=$N7k2LF@$i$l$?3F>r7o$G$N(B100000 sweep$B;~$N(BRMSD$B$NJ?6QCM$r(BFigure 10$B$K<($9!#:GBg0\F05wN%(B0.65$B"r!]:GBg2sE>3QEY(B50$B!,$NAH$_9g$o$;$G(B10$B;n9TJ,$NJ?6Q(BRMSD$BCM$,:G$bDc2<$7(B5.8$B"r$H$J$C$?!#$3$NCM$OJ?9T0\F0K!!J(B2000 K$B!":GBg0\F05wN%(B0.4$B"r!K$rC1FH$G9T$C$?>l9g$N(BRMSD$BCM$G$"$k(B5.6$B"r$h$j$O$d$dBg$-$$CM$G$"$C$?!#Figure 10$B$GDc$$(BRMSD$BCM$rC#@.$9$k:GBg0\F05wN%$H:GBg2sE>3QEY$NAH$_9g$o$;>r7o$r#3DL$jA*$S!"%7%_%e%l!<%7%g%s3+;O;~$+$i$N(BRMSD$B$NJ?6QCM$H:G>.CM$N7P;~JQ2=$r%0%i%U2=$79=B$7A@.B.EY$rD4$Y$?!J(BFigure 11$B!K!#!!(B3$BDL$j$NAH$_9g$o$;>r7o$N%0%i%U$O$=$l$>$l!"!HJ?9T0\F0K!$N$_!]:GBg0\F05wN%(B0.4$B"r!I$H$$$&>r7o$N%0%i%U$H!"!HFsLL3QK!$N$_!]:GBg2sE>3QEY(B40$B!,!I$H$$$&>r7o$N%0%i%U$H$NCf4V$N7A>u$r$7$F$$$?!J(BFigures 7, 8$B;2>H!K!#$3$N7k2L$+$iH=CG$9$k8B$j$O!"N>J}K!$r:.9g$7$FMQ$$$k$3$H$,!"J?9T0\F0K!$rC1FH$GMQ$$$k$3$H$h$jFCJL$KM-Mx$G$"$k$H$O;W$($J$$!#$?$@$7!":#8e!"J?9T0\F0K!$HFsLL3QK!$N:.9gJ}<0$r9)IW$7$F$$$1$P!"N>


Figure 10. The RMSDs between 28-mer structures calculated using the combined deformation method (at 100000 sweep, 2000K) and NMR structure. The combined method means simulation using parallel translation and dihedral rotation methods alternately each sweep. The X-axis shows the maximum movement distance for the parallel translation method. The Y-axis shows the maximum rotation angle for the dihedral rotation method. RMSDs of 10 MC trials at 100000 sweep were averaged and shown. The thick curves in the figure indicate contour lines (for RMSD= 6.0, 7.0, 8.0 and 9.0). The low RMSD region in this figure shows the optimal combinations of deformation parameters.


Figure 11. Evolution of the averaged RMSD values between calculated 28-mer structures using combined deformation methods (Figure 10) and NMR structure. We selected three arbitrary pairs of parameters at low RMSD region in Figure 10. Maximum movement distance and maximum rotation angle are 0.65A and 50°(black line), 0.80A and 50°(dark grey line), and 0.50A and 20° (light grey line), respectively. In figure (a), average RMSD values of 10 MC calculations are shown. In figure (b), minimum RMSD values among 10 MC calculations are shown.

$B0J>e$N$3$H$h$j!"(B28mer$B$N(BMC$B%7%_%e%l!<%7%g%s$K$*$$$FE7A39=B$IU6a$N9=B$$rC5:w$9$k$?$a$K$O!"J?9T0\F0K!$rC1FH$GMQ$$$k$3$H$,:G$b8zN($,NI$$$H9M$($i$l$k!#$3$N7k2L$O(BC$B%Z%W%A%I$N9=B$7A@.$K$OFsLL3QK!$NJ}$,8zN($,$h$$$H$$$&7k2L$HBP>HE*$G$"$k!#$3$l$OL\;X$99=B$$,J#;($K$J$k$K$D$l$F!"JQ7AA`:n$K$h$k86;R$N>WFM$,5/$-$K$/$$$H$$$&J?9T0\F0K!$NFCD'$,M-Mx$KF/$$$F$/$k$b$N$H;W$o$l$k!#(B
C$B%Z%W%A%I$d(B28mer$B0J30$N%Z%W%A%I:?$N@^$j>v$_%7%_%e%l!<%7%g%s$G$O$I$A$i$NJ,;RJQ7AJ}K!$,M-Mx$K$J$k$+$O!"r7o$K$h$C$F$OFsLL3QK!$h$j$bM-Mx$JJ}K!$K$J$k$H4|BT$5$l$k!#(B

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MC$B%_%e%l!<%7%g%s$KMQ$$$kJ,;RJQ7AJ}K!$r$h$j8zN($NNI$$$b$N$K2~NI$9$k$3$H$rL\;X$7!"J?9T0\F0K!$HFsLL3QK!$H$rHf3S8!F$$7$?!#(B
$B $B$3$NH?BP$K!"(B28mer$B$N(BMC$B%7%_%e%l!<%7%g%s$G$O!"J?9T0\F0K!$rMQ$$$?J}$,FsLL3QK!$rMQ$$$?>l9g$h$j$bE7A39=B$$K6a$$(BRMSD$BCM$NDc$$9=B$$,8zN($h$/=P8=$7$?!#$3$l$O!"J?9T0\F0K!$r:NMQ$7$?>l9g$OJQ7AA`:n$K$h$C$FF0$+$5$l$k3F86;R$N0\F05wN%$,3'Ey$7$/>.$5$$$3$H$+$i!"J#;($J%Z%W%A%I:?$KFsLL3QK!$rE,MQ$7$?>l9g$KLdBj$H$J$k86;R>WFM$K$h$k?75,9=B$:NMQN($NDc2<$,2sHr$5$l$?$?$a$H9M$($i$l$k!#$3$N3NG'$N$?$a!"l9g$N?75,9=B$$N:NBrN(!J(B400steps$BCf$N:NBr2s?t$N!s!K$rHf3S$7$?!#J?9T0\F0K!$G$O:GBg0\F05wN%$,(B0.3$B"r$N>l9g$O:NBrN((B14.3$B!s!"(B0.4$B"r$N>l9g$O(B8.5$B!s!"(B0.5$B"r$N>l9g$O(B5.5$B!s$G$"$C$?$N$KBP$7$F!"FsLL3QK!$G$O:GBg2sE>3QEY$,(B30$B-b(B.5$B!s!"(B40$B-b(B.0$B!s!"(B50$B-b(B.0$B!s$G$"$C$?!#$3$N$3$H$O>e5-$N9M$($r;Y;}$9$k$b$N$G$"$k!#(B
$BJ?9T0\F0K!$rMQ$$$?(BMC$B%7%_%e%l!<%7%g%s$G$O!"(Bprotein A$B$KM3Mh$9$k(B33mer[27]$B$N%X%j%C%/%9(B-$B%k!<%W(B-$B%X%j%C%/%99=B$Ey$b:F8=$G$-$k$3$H$r3NG'$7$F$*$j!"8=:_!"3F $B:#2s$N7k2L$+$iH=CG$9$k$H!"(BC$B%Z%W%A%I$N$h$&$JC1=c$J&A%X%j%C%/%99=B$$r7A@.$9$k$b$N$KBP$7$F$OFsLL3QK!!"(B28mer$B$N$h$&$J$d$dJ#;($J9=B$$r;}$D$b$N$KBP$7$F$OJ?9T0\F0K!$,E,$7$F$$$k$H9M$($i$l$k!#$J$*(B28mer$B$K4X$7$F$OAj>h8z2L$r4|BT$7$FJ?9T0\F0K!$HFsLL3QK!$rAH$_9g$o$;$?(BMC$B%7%_%e%l!<%7%g%s$b9T$C$?$,!"J?9T0\F0K!$rC1FH$G9T$C$?>l9g0J>e$N8z2L$OF@$i$l$J$+$C$?!#(B
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